What does the octet rule state about atoms?

The octet rule states that atoms strive to have eight electrons in their valence shell for stability. This concept is rooted in the observation that atoms are more stable when they have a full outer electron shell, akin to the noble gases, which have complete valence shells. By achieving this configuration, atoms attain lower energy states and become more stable.

For many elements, especially those in the main groups of the periodic table, reaching an octet can involve the gain, loss, or sharing of electrons through various types of chemical bonding, such as ionic or covalent bonds. This tendency to complete the valence shell by achieving eight electrons explains why elements tend to form compounds in specific ways.

In summary, the correct choice highlights the central idea of the octet rule that emphasizes the stability associated with having eight electrons in the outer energy level.